As global tensions resurface and nuclear threats reappear in headlines, many are asking whether anywhere on Earth would truly be safe in the event of a large-scale nuclear war. While experts stress that such a scenario remains unlikely, analysts argue that survival would depend less on blast shelters and more on geography, climate, and food security. Investigative journalist Annie Jacobsen has suggested that New Zealand and Australia could offer stronger long-term survival prospects — not because they would avoid explosions entirely, but because they may be better positioned to endure the global famine expected under nuclear winter conditions.

Jacobsen discussed this during an appearance on the The Diary of a CEO, hosted by Steven Bartlett. She highlighted the theory of nuclear winter, in which massive firestorms from detonations would push soot into the upper atmosphere, blocking sunlight and sharply cooling the planet. Agricultural regions in the Northern Hemisphere — including the American Midwest and parts of Eastern Europe — could face years of crop failure. In such a scenario, famine driven by collapsing food systems might cause more deaths than the initial blasts.

Much of this argument draws on the work of atmospheric scientist Owen Toon, whose climate models suggest that even a limited nuclear exchange could inject enough soot into the atmosphere to disrupt global food production. In full-scale scenarios, billions could face starvation, compounded by ozone depletion, higher ultraviolet radiation, and widespread contamination. Regions heavily affected might see survivors forced underground while competing for scarce resources. Countries with resilient agricultural systems, lower population density, and geographic insulation would likely fare comparatively better.

Geography is central to this assessment. New Zealand and Australia are distant from many of the Northern Hemisphere’s major nuclear powers and primary military targets, reducing the likelihood of direct strikes compared to areas dense with missile silos and military infrastructure. However, no nation would be immune to fallout, climate disruption, economic collapse, and supply chain breakdowns. Even regions spared direct attack would face immense strain from food shortages and global instability. Ultimately, experts emphasize that the broader lesson is not relocation but prevention: in a full-scale nuclear conflict, the entire planet would suffer, and the only truly safe outcome is avoiding such a war altogether. READ MORE BELOW